LOS VERBOS IRREGULARES EN INGLÉS

Como hemos visto en el Curso de inglés en Madrid existe una serie de verbos cuyo Pasado Simple y participio pasado no siguen ninguna regla, y por lo tanto, son los llamados verbos irregulares.

ORTOGRAFÍA DE LOS VERBOS IRREGULARES
a) En algunos casos la forma del infinitivo y del pasado es igual.

VERBO	PRESENTE / 3ªp.s.	PASADO SIMPLE	PARTICIPIO	ESPAÑOL
Cut Cost Let Put	cut / cuts cost/ costs let / lets put / puts	Cut Cost Let Put	cut cost let put	cortar costar dejar poner

b) En algunos verbos la forma infinitiva termina en –d y la de pasado en –t.

VERBO	PRESENTE / 3ªp.s.	PASADO SIMPLE	PARTICIPIO	ESPAÑOL
Lend Send Spend	lend / lends send / sends spend/spends	Lent Sent Spent	lent sent spend	prestar enviar prestar

c) Algunos verbos sufren cambios en las consonantes en la forma de pasado.

VERBO	PRESENTE / 3ªp.s.	PASADO SIMPLE	PARTICIPIO	ESPAÑOL
Have Make Pay	have / has make / makes pay / pays	Had Made Paid	Had Made Paid	haber,tener hacer,fabricar pagar

d) Algunos verbos sufren cambios vocálicos en el pasado.

VERBO	PRESENTE / 3ªp.s.	PASADO SIMPLE	PARTICIPIO	ESPAÑOL
Begin Drink Drive Eat Find Get Give Know	begin / begins drink / drinks drive / drives eat / eats find / finds get / gets give / gives know/ knows	Began Drank Drove Ate Found Got Gave Knew	Begun Drunk Driven Eaten Found Got Given Known	empezar beber manejar comer encontrar obtener, etc... dar conocer

e) Algunos verbos irregulares sufren cambios consonánticos y vocálicos en el tiempo pasado.

VERBO	PRESENTE / 3ªp.s.	PASADO SIMPLE	PARTICIPIO	ESPAÑOL
Be Bring Buy Catch Do Feel Go Hear Keep	am,are / is bring / brings buy / buys catch/ catches do / does feel / feels go / goes hear / hears keep / keeps	Was / were Brought Bought Caught Did Felt Went Heard Kept	Been Brought Bought Caught Done Felt Gone Heard Kept	ser, estar traer comprar tomar hacer sentir ir oir guardar, mantener.

LISTA DE VERBOS IRREGULARES

INFINITIVO	PASADO	PARTICIPIO	SIGNIFICADO
arise	arose	arisen	Elevarse, surgir, originarse.
awake	awoke	awoken	Despertar, mover, excitar.
bear	bore	born	Soportar, sostener, tolerar.
beat	beat	beaten	Batir,revolver, golpear, vencer.
become	became	become	Hacerse,tornarse,convertirse en.
begin	began	begun	Empezar, iniciar.
bend	bent	bent	Doblar, inclinar, torcer.
bet	bet	bet	Apostar
bind	bound	bound	Atar, unir, enlazar.
bite	bit	bitten	Morder.
blow	blew	blown	Soplar
break	broke	broken	Quebrar, partir, romper.
bring	brought	brought	Traer, llevar, conducir.
build	built	built	Construir, edificar.
burn	burnt	burnt	Quemar, incendiar.
burst	burst	burst	Romper, reventar.
buy	bought	bought	Comprar
catch	caught	caught	Coger, asir, atrapar.
choose	chose	chosen	Escoger, elegir.
cling	clung	clung	Asirse, adherirse, pegarse.
come	came	come	Venir
cost	cost	cost	Costar
creep	crept	crept	Arrastrarse,deslizarse, pegarse.
cut	cut	cut	Cortar, dividir.
deal	dealt	dealt	Tratar, tener que referirse.
dig	dug	dug	Cavar, ahondar.
do	did	done	Hacer, ejecutar.
draw	drew	drawn	Tirar, arrastrarse, atraer, dibujar.
drink	drank	drunk	Beber
drive	drove	driven	Impulsar, conducir, llevar, inducir.
fall	fell	fallen	Caer, disminuir.
feed	fed	fed	Alimentar, nutrir.
feel	felt	felt	Sentir, percibir, tocar.
fight	fought	fought	Pelear, combatir.
find	found	found	Encontrar, descubrir.
find out	found out	found out	Averiguar, investigar.
flee	fled	fled	Escapar, huír, evitar.
fly	flew	flown	Volar
forbid	forbade	forbidden	Prohibir.
foresee	foresaw	foreseen	Prever, prevenir
forget	forgot	forgotten	Olvidar (se)
forgive	forgave	forgiven	Perdonar
freeze	froze	frozen	Congelar
get	got	got (ten)	Lograr, obtener, conseguir.
give	gave	given	Dar, conceder.
go	went	gone	Ir (se), funcionar, resultar.
grind	ground	ground	Moler, triturar.
grow	grew	grown	Crecer, cultivar.
hang	hung	hung	Colgar, Suspender.
have	had	had	Tener, haber.
hear	heard	heard	Oír, escuchar.
hide	hid	hid (den)	Ocultar, encubrir.
hit	hit	hit	Pegar, golpear, acertar.
hold	held	held	Sostener,mantener,contener.
hurt	hurt	hurt	Herir, dañar, lastimar.
keep	kept	kept	Mantener,guardar,conservar.
know	knew	known	Conocer, saber.
lay	laid	laid	Poner, colocar.
lead	led	led	Guiar, llevar, conducir.
lean	leant	leant	Inclinar(se), apoyarse.
learn	learnt	learnt	Aprender, saber.
leave	left	left	Partir, irse, abandonar.
lend	lent	lent	Prestar
let	let	let	Permitir, conceder.
lie	lay	lain	Tenderse, descansar, estar, situado.
light	lit	lit	Alumbrar, iluminar, encender (se).
lose	lost	lost	Perder, malgastar.
make	made	made	Hacer, confeccionar, producir.
mean	meant	meant	Significar,querer decir pretender.
meet	met	met	Encontrarse, satisfacer.
melt	melted	molten (old)	Derretir(se), fundir(se).
mistake	mistook	mistaken	Equivocarse, comprender mal, errar
misunderstand	misunderstood	misunderstood	Entender mal.
overcome	overcame	overcome	Vencer, superar, sobreponerse.
pay	paid	paid	Pagar, recompensar.
put	put	put	Poner,colocar, exponer.
read	read	read	Leer,descifrar, marcar.
rebuild	rebuilt	rebuilt	Reconstruir
rid	rid	rid	Librarse, zafarse.
ride	rode	ridden	Rodar, tener juego, funcionar.
ring	rang	rung	Tocar, sonar.
rise	rose	risen	Ascender,elevarse,levantarse, surgir.
run	ran	run	Correr, funcionar.
saw	sawed	sawn	Cortar con sierra, aserrar.
say	said	said	Decir, afirmar.
see	saw	seen	Ver, observar.
seek	sought	sought	Buscar, solicitar.
sell	sold	sold	Vender
send	sent	sent	Enviar
set	set	set	Instalar, establecer, colocar, fijar.
shake	shook	shaken	Sacudir, lanzar, agitar.
shed	shed	shed	Derramar, esparcir, dejar caer.
shine	shone	shone	Brillar, relumbrar, sobresalir.
shoot	shot	shot	Disparar, emitir, lanzar.
show	showed	shown	Mostrar, excibir, probar, demostar.
shrink	shrank	shrunk	Encogerse, disminuir, desaparecer.
shut	shut	shut	Cerrar, impedir, excluír.
sing	sang	sung	Cantar
sink	sank	sunk	Hundir, sumergir
sit	sat	sat	Sentarse, reunirse.
sleep	slept	slept	Dormir
slide	slid	slid(den)	Resbalar, deslizarse, escabullirse.
smell	smelt	smelt	Oler, percibir.
speak	spoke	spoken	Hablar, decir.
speed	sped	sped	Acelerar, apresurarse.
spend	spent	spent	Gastar, consumir, emplear (tiempo).
spill	spilt	spilt	Derramar, verter, divulgar.
spin	spun	spun	Tornear, hilar, hacer girar.
split	split	split	Partir, dividir, separar, reventar.
spoil	spoilt	spoilt	Deteriorar, dañar, inutilizar.
spread	spread	spread	Extender, esparcir, propagar.
spring	sprang	sprung	Saltar, soltar, brotar, surgir.
stand	stood	stood	Pararse, tolerar, estar (de pié).
steal	stole	stolen	Robar, escabullirse.
stick	stuck	stuck	Pegar, adherirse, prender, fijar.
stink	stank	stunk	Oler mal, apestar.
strike	struck	struck	Golpear, pegar, estallar.
swell	swelled	swollen	Hinchar, inflamar, engrosar.
swim	swam	swum	Nadar, flotar.
swing	swung	swung	Balancera(se), hacer girar.
take	took	taken	Tomar, llevar.
teach	taught	taught	Enseñar
tear	tore	torn	Romper, despedazar, rasgar.
tell	told	told	Decir, contar, narrar.
think	thought	thought	Pensar, creer.
throw	threw	thrown	Lanzar, tirar, impeler, arrojar.
thrust	thrust	thrust	Introducir con violencia, empujar, impeler
undergo	underwent	undergone	Sufrir, experimentar, pasar por.
understand	understood	understood	Comprender.
undertake	undertook	undertaken	Emprender, comenzar algo.
undo	undid	undone	Desarmar, deshacer.
wake	woke	woke (n)	Despertar, excitar.
wear	Wore	worn	Gastar(se), consumirse, usar.
win	Won	won	Ganar, conquistar.
wind	Wound	wound	Enroscar(se), serpentear, girar.
withdraw	Withdrew	withdrawn	Retirar, retractarse, quitar.
withstand	Withstood	withstood	Resistir, oponerse, soportar.
write	Wrote	written	Escribir.