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LOS VERBOS IRREGULARES EN INGLÉS


Como hemos visto en el Curso de inglés en Madrid existe una serie de verbos cuyo Pasado Simple y participio pasado no siguen ninguna regla, y por lo tanto, son los llamados verbos irregulares.

ORTOGRAFÍA DE LOS VERBOS IRREGULARES
a) En algunos casos la forma del infinitivo y del pasado es igual.
VERBO
PRESENTE
/ 3ªp.s.
PASADO SIMPLE
PARTICIPIO
ESPAÑOL
Cut
Cost
Let
Put
cut / cuts
cost/ costs
let / lets
put / puts
Cut
Cost
Let
Put
cut
cost
let
put
cortar
costar
dejar
poner

b) En algunos verbos la forma infinitiva termina en –d y la de pasado en –t.
VERBO
PRESENTE
/ 3ªp.s.
PASADO SIMPLE
PARTICIPIO
ESPAÑOL
Lend
Send
Spend
lend / lends
send / sends
spend/spends
Lent
Sent
Spent
lent
sent
spend
prestar
enviar
prestar

c) Algunos verbos sufren cambios en las consonantes en la forma de pasado.
VERBO
PRESENTE
/ 3ªp.s.
PASADO SIMPLE
PARTICIPIO
ESPAÑOL
Have
Make
Pay
have / has
make / makes
pay / pays
Had
Made
Paid
Had
Made
Paid
haber,tener
hacer,fabricar
pagar
d) Algunos verbos sufren cambios vocálicos en el pasado.
VERBO
PRESENTE
/ 3ªp.s.
PASADO SIMPLE
PARTICIPIO
ESPAÑOL
Begin
Drink
Drive
Eat
Find
Get
Give
Know
begin / begins
drink / drinks
drive / drives
eat / eats
find / finds
get / gets
give / gives
know/ knows
Began
Drank
Drove
Ate
Found
Got
Gave
Knew
Begun
Drunk
Driven
Eaten
Found
Got
Given
Known
empezar
beber
manejar
comer
encontrar
obtener, etc...
dar
conocer

e) Algunos verbos irregulares sufren cambios consonánticos y vocálicos en el tiempo pasado.
VERBO
PRESENTE
/ 3ªp.s.
PASADO SIMPLE
PARTICIPIO
ESPAÑOL
Be
Bring
Buy
Catch
Do
Feel
Go
Hear
Keep
am,are / is
bring / brings
buy / buys
catch/ catches
do / does
feel / feels
go / goes
hear / hears
keep / keeps
Was / were
Brought
Bought
Caught
Did
Felt
Went
Heard
Kept
Been
Brought
Bought
Caught
Done
Felt
Gone
Heard
Kept
ser, estar
traer
comprar
tomar
hacer
sentir
ir
oir
guardar, mantener.
LISTA DE VERBOS IRREGULARES
INFINITIVO
PASADO
PARTICIPIO
SIGNIFICADO
arise arose arisen Elevarse, surgir, originarse.
awake awoke awoken Despertar, mover, excitar.
bear bore born Soportar, sostener, tolerar.
beat beat beaten Batir,revolver, golpear, vencer.
become became become Hacerse,tornarse,convertirse en.
begin began begun Empezar, iniciar.
bend bent bent Doblar, inclinar, torcer.
bet bet bet Apostar
bind bound bound Atar, unir, enlazar.
bite bit bitten Morder.
blow blew blown Soplar
break broke broken Quebrar, partir, romper.
bring brought brought Traer, llevar, conducir.
build built built Construir, edificar.
burn burnt burnt Quemar, incendiar.
burst burst burst Romper, reventar.
buy bought bought Comprar
catch caught caught Coger, asir, atrapar.
choose chose chosen Escoger, elegir.
cling clung clung Asirse, adherirse, pegarse.
come came come Venir
cost cost cost Costar
creep crept crept Arrastrarse,deslizarse, pegarse.
cut cut cut Cortar, dividir.
deal dealt dealt Tratar, tener que referirse.
dig dug dug Cavar, ahondar.
do did done Hacer, ejecutar.
draw drew drawn Tirar, arrastrarse, atraer, dibujar.
drink drank drunk Beber
drive drove driven Impulsar, conducir, llevar, inducir.
fall fell fallen Caer, disminuir.
feed fed fed Alimentar, nutrir.
feel felt felt Sentir, percibir, tocar.
fight fought fought Pelear, combatir.
find found found Encontrar, descubrir.
find out found out found out Averiguar, investigar.
flee fled fled Escapar, huír, evitar.
fly flew flown Volar
forbid forbade forbidden Prohibir.
foresee foresaw foreseen Prever, prevenir
forget forgot forgotten Olvidar (se)
forgive forgave forgiven Perdonar
freeze froze frozen Congelar
get got got (ten) Lograr, obtener, conseguir.
give gave given Dar, conceder.
go went gone Ir (se), funcionar, resultar.
grind ground ground Moler, triturar.
grow grew grown Crecer, cultivar.
hang hung hung Colgar, Suspender.
have had had Tener, haber.
hear heard heard Oír, escuchar.
hide hid hid (den) Ocultar, encubrir.
hit hit hit Pegar, golpear, acertar.
hold held held Sostener,mantener,contener.
hurt hurt hurt Herir, dañar, lastimar.
keep kept kept Mantener,guardar,conservar.
know knew known Conocer, saber.
lay laid laid Poner, colocar.
lead led led Guiar, llevar, conducir.
lean leant leant Inclinar(se), apoyarse.
learn learnt learnt Aprender, saber.
leave left left Partir, irse, abandonar.
lend lent lent Prestar
let let let Permitir, conceder.
lie lay lain Tenderse, descansar, estar, situado.
light lit lit Alumbrar, iluminar, encender (se).
lose lost lost Perder, malgastar.
make made made Hacer, confeccionar, producir.
mean meant meant Significar,querer decir pretender.
meet met met Encontrarse, satisfacer.
melt melted molten (old) Derretir(se), fundir(se).
mistake mistook mistaken Equivocarse, comprender mal, errar
misunderstand misunderstood misunderstood Entender mal.
overcome overcame overcome Vencer, superar, sobreponerse.
pay paid paid Pagar, recompensar.
put put put Poner,colocar, exponer.
read read read Leer,descifrar, marcar.
rebuild rebuilt rebuilt Reconstruir
rid rid rid Librarse, zafarse.
ride rode ridden Rodar, tener juego, funcionar.
ring rang rung Tocar, sonar.
rise rose risen Ascender,elevarse,levantarse, surgir.
run ran run Correr, funcionar.
saw sawed sawn Cortar con sierra, aserrar.
say said said Decir, afirmar.
see saw seen Ver, observar.
seek sought sought Buscar, solicitar.
sell sold sold Vender
send sent sent Enviar
set set set Instalar, establecer, colocar, fijar.
shake shook shaken Sacudir, lanzar, agitar.
shed shed shed Derramar, esparcir, dejar caer.
shine shone shone Brillar, relumbrar, sobresalir.
shoot shot shot Disparar, emitir, lanzar.
show showed shown Mostrar, excibir, probar, demostar.
shrink shrank shrunk Encogerse, disminuir, desaparecer.
shut shut shut Cerrar, impedir, excluír.
sing sang sung Cantar
sink sank sunk Hundir, sumergir
sit sat sat Sentarse, reunirse.
sleep slept slept Dormir
slide slid slid(den) Resbalar, deslizarse, escabullirse.
smell smelt smelt Oler, percibir.
speak spoke spoken Hablar, decir.
speed sped sped Acelerar, apresurarse.
spend spent spent Gastar, consumir, emplear (tiempo).
spill spilt spilt Derramar, verter, divulgar.
spin spun spun Tornear, hilar, hacer girar.
split split split Partir, dividir, separar, reventar.
spoil spoilt spoilt Deteriorar, dañar, inutilizar.
spread spread spread Extender, esparcir, propagar.
spring sprang sprung Saltar, soltar, brotar, surgir.
stand stood stood Pararse, tolerar, estar (de pié).
steal stole stolen Robar, escabullirse.
stick stuck stuck Pegar, adherirse, prender, fijar.
stink stank stunk Oler mal, apestar.
strike struck struck Golpear, pegar, estallar.
swell swelled swollen Hinchar, inflamar, engrosar.
swim swam swum Nadar, flotar.
swing swung swung Balancera(se), hacer girar.
take took taken Tomar, llevar.
teach taught taught Enseñar
tear tore torn Romper, despedazar, rasgar.
tell told told Decir, contar, narrar.
think thought thought Pensar, creer.
throw threw thrown Lanzar, tirar, impeler, arrojar.
thrust thrust thrust Introducir con violencia, empujar, impeler
undergo underwent undergone Sufrir, experimentar, pasar por.
understand understood understood Comprender.
undertake undertook undertaken Emprender, comenzar algo.
undo undid undone Desarmar, deshacer.
wake woke woke (n) Despertar, excitar.
wear Wore worn Gastar(se), consumirse, usar.
win Won won Ganar, conquistar.
wind Wound wound Enroscar(se), serpentear, girar.
withdraw Withdrew withdrawn Retirar, retractarse, quitar.
withstand Withstood withstood Resistir, oponerse, soportar.
write Wrote written Escribir.


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